Therefore the solution was to invest in friendly and clean energy and technology and one of that is the enhanced oil recovery which mainly use CO, thermal and chemical technologies to increase the production efficiency of oil/gas wells, reduce the pollution produced from oil field and reduce the SE of natural gas that can be used in other sectors like generating electricity, and industrial sector. Oil and gas industry is a major consumer, producer of energy. This report Energy use in oil & gas industry in range of activities.
Also, Oil and gas production and oil refining became gradually more energy intensive. Most oil production facilities are in remote areas. Produced Water Management Issues. Oil and gas industry waste Management. Renewable energy technologies consists of solar energy, wind energy biomass, geothermal and Ocean (tidal) power, most of these technologies are mature technologies. Addressing climate change, high dependency on conventional sources and increasing demand for electricity. Role in developing economies.
Providing a robust framework to attract foreign investment and foster the growth of the local industrial sector and gas industry are not efficient regarding the fact they only recover 35 percent of oil from reservoirs and they cannot do more with the existing technologies they have currently so they leave about 65% of the oil in the ground in each operation and that is alright now because of the oil prices which can cover these costs but if the prices .NET down then there will be significant losses which will affect the oil companies and the oil-dependent nations in the world (International Energy Agency 2013).
So increasing the average recovery factor will add more barrels to the oil reserves for example increase by one percent could add 80 billion barrels which are massive amounts. Mature fields account for over 70% of the world oil and gas production with many in the secondary and tertiary production phases. The average recovery factor for gas is 70% and for oil is only 35%. So these percentages are low and in need to enhance and improve.
The activities and areas that renewable energy sources may be used in oil [gas industry are in increase compared to the past and that is all because of the new technologies that are being invented and discovered every day in this field. The activities include driving pumps to extract hydrocarbons and to reinsertion water, heating the output stream to allow separation of the oil ,gas and water.
Additionally, they may be used in steam production enhanced oil recovery (ERROR), powering compressors and pumps for transporting oil and gas through gathering pipelines to processing plants and driving turbines to generate the electricity and heat needed for on-site operations and living quarters. Overall, the use of renewable energy sources in oil industry might sound strange due to the fact that oil company is independent and making lots of money and huge profits so why they turn to use renewable energy sources in their gas and oil wells?
The reason is oil and gas fields is suffering from the growing maturity due to the intensive use of these fields so the oil companies try to slow down the rate of maturity by using renewable and non-renewable enhanced oil techniques therefore their investments n this section is so huge in areas where they suffer more from the oil/gas field maturity phenomena. Technical challenges in some reservoirs in the world might be the fact that heavy oil resources are generally found in carbonate reservoirs which are highly heterogeneous.
Many carbonate formations are fractured which complicate flow in reservoirs. With easy oil resources already tapped an global energy demand set to rise thanks to economic and population growth – with Exxon Mobil Corp.. Forecasting 35 percent growth in global energy demand from 2010 to 2040 – companies such as Royal Dutch Shell Pl and Chevron Corp.. Eave turned to ERROR techniques, including solar ERROR, a form of thermal ERROR, to boost recovery of oil resources from maturing fields Glass Point Solar Inc. Reared the Enclosed Trough solar field, in which curved aluminum mirrors – used in place of solar panels – and an aiming system and other vulnerable components contained inside a commercial glasshouse structure typically used in agriculture. The mirrors track the sun during the day , focusing sunlight on a stationary boiler tube containing water. The sun heat then boils water in a stationary boiler tube that produces high pressure steam used to boost oil production. The temperature of the steam is set by the requirements of the formation and low-cost distribution . Power generators usually uses higher temperature superheated steam.
By using solar steam generators during the day and fuel-fired steam generators at night and the amount of gas burned to generate steam for ERROR is reduced. Glass Point also reduced the high capital cost normally associated with solar fields by using a mass-produced glasshouse for low volume, custom designed solar components. ERROR techniques Enhanced recovery techniques tackles three major challenges, increasing maturity of eyelids with large volumes of non-recovered oil, shift towards technically, geographically ,politically risky projects and need to reduce CO emissions.
Some new ideas consists of using closed glasshouse that contain all the equipments and components of the project to protect them from dust and sand in the middle of the desert and this is helping to reduce the maintenance costs especially for cleaning. Beside the glasshouse idea, the water used in oilfield can be reused to wash the steam generators and automated window washing may be employed to save on maintenance costs. In result, the overall maintenance costs can be obviously reduced by reusing the used water and reducing the labor work and that is done by using the automated machinery system.
ERROR (steam, CO, miscible gas) in carbonates requires a good understanding of the fracture network which itself is a major technical challenge. The fracture network can sometimes enhance the efficiency of steam injection by aiding the heating of the oil, it can also detract from the ERROR process by allowing steam to bypass much of the oil. The fracture network can change as a result of production such as the closing of fractures. Oil companies in the ICC are also starting to use small scale solar electricity to power operations scattered across many thousands of miles.
This use of solar is part of the oil and gas industry shift towards the digital oilfield including new instrumentation, new controls and wireless communication technologies that are providing operators information and control of their operations that was not previously available. Solar technologies are powering some of these instrumentation and control applications. Steam generating projects basically involve in Inserting Dry stream inside oil well to let the crude & pumping out the crude oil.
POD and power glass project Petroleum Development Oman (POD), the largest producer of oil and gas in Oman, partnered with Collapsing to build the Middle East’s first solar Enhanced Oil Recovery project. The pilot project was completed in less than one year, breaking ground in January 2012 and producing steam by December of the same year. This moth system is now in daily operation generating an average of 50 tons of emissions-free steam per day that feeds directly into existing thermal ERROR operations at Pod’s Mammal West oilfield.
The solar ERROR facility passed its first performance acceptance test in early 2013, exceeding contracted steam output by over 10 percent. The system was completed on time, on budget, and with no Lost Time Injuries demonstrating Collapsing and Pod’s shared commitment to health, safety, security and the environment (HOSE). This project serves as a performance and operational baseline for larger steam generators in Oman and is providing POD with valuable information for planning potential larger-scale projects in the future.
The solar ERROR will use concentrated thermal energy from the sun to heat water and generate steam which s then injected into an oil reservoir. The goal of solar ERROR is to reduce the amount of natural gas burned for thermal ERROR utilizing gas for higher value applications such as power generation, desalination, industrial development and export. It can reduce the amount of natural gas used for ERROR by 80%. The cost of solar Error scheme is equivalent to $3/Ambit gas price.
Sun in some hot areas can be well used for lots of applications and one of them is to use it in oil industry to increase its efficiency. One of the ERROR technologies is thermal ERROR which is the most widely used method of artery recovery. The steam of thermal ERROR is injected into the formation to heat the oil and increase its mobility. Steam injection increases the rate of oil production and can also extend the oil wells life and prolong its productivity and contribution to the overall oil production.
Furthermore, one of the advantages of using thermal ERROR is reducing the amount of natural gas needed to produce the steam. POD believes that by using renewable ERROR techniques, it could increase the production of heavy oil and preserve the natural gas which can be used in other sectors like the industrial sector r electricity generation sector. POD in investing in ERROR technologies and they expect to increase the production by thermal ERROR at both Mammal-east and Mammal-west to 23000 able/d by 2018.
Furthermore, they aim to increase the production at Garn Alms 40000 able/d by 2015 using steam injection. California steam Project In early 2011 , Chevron Technology Ventures (CATV) began operations at what may be the largest concentrating solar photovoltaic power plant in the united states. The company launched solar-enhanced oil recovery project in Coaling in a way that will less than the traditional methods. More than 7600 mirrors direct the sun energy onto a boiler to generate steam. The steam is injected into wells to enable the flow of oil.
This project was the first of its kind and will help to determine whether solar thermal technology is viable for deploying in commercial-scale projects in other locations. New Zealand IV cells investment in oil fields: In Zealand the largest applications for solar power include IV and hybrid SAPS for isolated telecommunication and weather monitoring sites, for marine safety devices along the coast of New Zealand, and for electric fences and navigation lights. Both these last products are exported overseas.
There are numerous applications of IV as battery chargers for caravans, holiday homes and boats. Also, more recently, it is estimated that around a thousand homes have been equipped with IV power supplies, both off grid and grid connected, to provide electricity for household loads across the country. The IV industry in New Zealand comprises mainly distributors of imported modules and components as well as an extensive network of equipment installers. Some ancillary equipment, such as battery chargers and more recently inverters, have been made locally on a small scale.
