A brand manager would oversee all of these things Definitions In 2001 Hyssop defined branding as “the process of creating a relationship or a connection between a company’s product and emotional perception of the customer for the purpose of generating segregation among competition and bulldog loyalty among customers. ” In 2004 and 2008, Seafarer and Keller respectively defined it as a fulfillment in customer expectations and consistent customer satisfaction. [l] History The origin of branding can be traced to ancient times, when specialists often put
Individual trademarks on hand-crafted goods. The branding of farm animals In Egypt in 2700 BC to avoid theft may be considered the earliest form of branding, as in its literal sense. As somewhat more than half of companies older than 200 years old are in Japan, (see: List of oldest companies), many Japanese businesses’ “moon” or seal is an East Aslant form of brand or trademark. In the West, Staffer Hoff dates to 862 or earlier and still produces wine under Its name today. By 1266, English bakers were required by law to put a specific symbol on each product they sold.
Branding became more widely used in the 1 9th century, through the industrial revolution and the development of new professional fields like marketing, manufacturing and business management. [2] Branding is a way of differentiating product from mere commodities. And therefore usage of branding expanded with each advance in transportation, communication, and trade. The modern discipline of brand management is considered to have been started by a famous memo at Procter & Gamble[3] by Nell H. McElroy. [4] Integrand’s 2012 top-II global brands are Coca-cola, Apple. IBM, Google.
Microsoft, GE, McDonald’s, Intel, Samsung, and Toyota. [5] The split between commodities/food services and technology is not a matter of chance: both industrial sectors rely heavily on sales to the individual consumer who must be able to rely on cleanliness/quality or reliability/value, respectively. For this reason, Industries such as agricultural (which sells to other companies in the food sector), student loans (which have a relationship with universities/schools rather than the individual loan- taker), and electricity (which is generally a controlled monopoly) have less prominent ND less recognized branding.
Brand value, moreover, Is not simply a fuzzy feeling of “consumer appeal,” but an actual quantitative value of good will under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Companies will rigorously defend their brand name, 1 OFF across countries. [6] Among the most highly visible and recognizable brands is the red Coca-cola can. Despite numerous blind tests indicating that Coke’s flavor is not preferred, Coca-Cola continues to enjoy a dominant share of the cola market.
Coca- cola’s history is so replete with uncertainty that a folklore has sprung up around the rand, including the (refuted) myth that Coca-cola invented the red-dressed Santa- Claus[7] which is used to gain market entry in less capitalistic regions in the world such as the former Soviet Union and China, and such brand-management stories as “Coca-Cola’s first entry into the Chinese market resulted in their brand being translated as ‘bite the wax Brand management science is replete with such stories, including the Chevrolet ‘Nova’ or “it doesn’t go” in Spanish, and proper cultural translation is useful to countries entering new markets.
Modern brand management also intersects with legal issues such as ‘generalization of trademark. ‘ The ‘Xerox’ Company continues to fight heavily in media whenever a reporter or other writer uses ‘Xerox’ as simply a synonym for ‘photocopy. ‘[9] Should usage of ‘Xerox’ be accepted as the standard English term for ‘photocopy,’ then Xerox’s competitors could successfully argue in court that they are permitted to create ‘Xerox’ machines as well.
Yet, in a sense, reaching this stage of market domination is itself a triumph of brand management, in that becoming so dominant typically involves strong profit. Brand orientation Brand orientation refers to “the degree to which the organization values brands and its practices are oriented towards building brand capabilities” (Frisson & Evans, 2004). It is a deliberate approach to working with brands, both internally and externally. The most important driving force behind this increased interest in strong brands is the accelerating pace of globalization.
This has resulted in an ever-tougher competitive situation on many markets. A product’s superiority is in itself no longer sufficient to guarantee its success. The fast pace of technological development and he increased speed with which imitations turn up on the market have dramatically shortened product lifestyles. The consequence is that product-related competitive advantages soon risk being transformed into competitive prerequisites. For this reason, increasing numbers of companies are looking for other, more enduring, competitive tools – such as brands.
Brand creation Brand creation is a business field related to branding that brings concepts from the cultural and artistic management, such as the Art Creation, to the brand creation and management processes. Brand creation organizes and provides sense to every usage or image delivered intentionally or unintentionally by a company. The person in charge of it is called ‘Brand Curator'[10] and is responsible for cooperating with the company in the conscious management of the image and culture attached to it.
The brand curator understands that the brand community members (traditionally called clients or users) are an active part of the brand image and therefore any action proposed by the company has a global effect amplified and influenced by them. He or she works from the knowledge about nowadays successful brands profiles, that are hose who are really aware about the culture that they represent, and are able to incorporate the resonances about the brand in its environment knowing that it is a continuous and moving transformation process, a work in progress.
In order to obtain the most strategic decisions of the company and an organic map of the company’s brand architecture should be created. Brand Creation also entails the idea that brand culture construction is linked to the internationalization of the company. It pleads that every company is already globalizes, active or in a passive way, and that t is not possible to take part of the world without knowing it.
Following this philosophy for the brand culture management, internationalization is seen as a conscious cultural fact, as an action of previous self hearing that allows the company learning the language of the foreign countries in a broad sense of the word. It speaks of language as the words, symbols, iconography, and their meaning. It understands the internationalization process as a return Journey, where the experiences lived become a part of the brand image in a natural process that favors the company’s position. Justification
Brand management aims to create an emotional connection between products, companies and their customers and constituents. Brand managers may try to control the brand image. [11] Approaches “By Appointment to His Royal Majesty” was a registered and limited list of approved brands suitable for supply to the Royal British family. Some believe brand managers can be counter-productive, due to their short-term focus. [12] On the other end of the extreme, luxury and high-end premium brands may create advertisements or sponsor teams merely for the “overall feeling” or goodwill generated.
