This report is an attempt to investigate Hewlett Packard, a huge corporate, to gain an insight into how change management was implemented and how it was dealt with. It’s a contribution to the understanding of change management and leadership in general, and to the understanding of practical application in an international company in particular. This report is divided into three main parts: The first part is concerned with literature review. The literature review explains change management and leadership in context to the organisation in addition to discussing the theories relevant to each of the areas.
The second part consists of sub parts. The organisation of discussion is introduced and background information leading to the change initiatives is discussed. It ends with the research findings and comments on the change initiatives and leadership displayed. The final part summarizes the outcome and limitations and explores future directions.
INTRODUCING CHANGE
Mintzberg (1998) quote ‘no intended strategy can ever be so precisely defined that it covers every eventuality, realised strategies have emergent as well as deliberate characteristics’. History has witnessed no organisation being able to sustain its competitive edge for long (Peters, 1989). Daft (1983) discusses four types of change which affect organisations, i.e. technology, product or service, administrative changes and people attitudes (culture). I feel that any of these changes would affect the other and lead to a total change encompassing the organisation. Although change is present everywhere and in every form, resistance to change is not surprising (Kotter and Schlesinger, 1979).
Organisational change can be described as strategic or non-strategic change (Pettigrew, 1987), incremental or quantum change (Greenwood and Hinings, 1993), planned or emergent change (Wilson, 1992), and change in relation to scale (Buchanan and Boddy, 1992). Change typically touches upon process, design, culture, and politics (Cao, Clarke and Lehane, 1999). Management of change exhibits four key features, dissatisfaction with the present strategies, vision of the better alternative, a strategy for implementing change and resistance to the proposals at some stage (Margerison and Smith, 1989). Changes result from the impact of a set of driving forces upon restraining forces. The extent to which change takes places is a result of which force is stronger, the driving forces or the restraining forces (Lewin, 1951).
INTRODUCTION OF HEWLETT PACKARD (HP): Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard founded HP in 1939. HP is a leading global provider of products, technologies, solutions and services to consumers and businesses. The company’s offerings span IT infrastructure, personal computing and access devices, global services and imaging and printing.
NATURE OF CHANGE THE STINT AT HP
During the late 1990s, HP faced major challenges in an increasingly competitive market. In 1998, HP’s revenues grew by just 3% and its competitor Dell’s rose by 38%. The company failed to capitalize on the PC and Internet boom and missed its target earnings forecasts in eight continuous quarters.
Problems Identified: Loss of Market Share More Bureaucratic Failure to capitalize on the PC and Internet boom Failed to introduce new products Needed a new leader to cope up with change HP’s culture, which emphasized teamwork and respect for co-workers, had over the years transformed into a culture of consensus. This was proving to be a major disadvantage in an era of fast-growing business. The company had 83 different product divisions and was more bureaucratic. Executives left HP because they had to spend most of their time managing internal bureaucracy.
The bureaucracy at HP affected its innovations too. Managers were often reluctant to invest in new ideas for fear of missing their quality goals. HP had not had a mega-breakthrough product since the inkjet printer in 1984. Despite the absence of new products, Former CEO at HP did nothing to motivate the product development teams. Instead, he focused on promoting diversity in the workplace and on ensuring a more humane balance of work and personal life for HP employees.
While these efforts were praiseworthy on their own, they did little to help HP face the tough business environment in which it was operating. HP badly needed a complete change and a new leader to cope with the rapidly changing trends in the industry. In her attempts to revive HP, Carly Fiorina, the CEO of HP, devised a three-pronged strategy. The key components of this strategy included revamping the organisational culture, changing the organisational structure and acquiring a large PC manufacturer. I will be discussing these three key components in which the change was managed.
