The APP method a. Starts with a base-case value for the project. . Calculates the base-case value by discounting project cash flows, forecasted assuming all-equity financing, at the WAC for the project. C. Is especially useful when debt is to be paid down on a fixed schedule. D. Can be used to calculate an adjusted discount rate for a company or a project. 6. Explain the difference between Financing Rules 1 (debt fixed) and 2 (debt rebalanced). 7. What Is meant by financing “side effects” in an APP valuation?
Give at least three examples of side effects encountered in practice. 8. A project costs $1 million and has a base-case NP of exactly zero (NV=O ). What is the project’s APP In the following cases? A. If the firm invests, it has to raise $500,000 by stock issue. Issue costs are 15 percent of net proceeds. B. The firm has ample cash on hand. But if it invests, it will have access to $500,000 of debt financing at a subsidized Interest rate. The present value of the subsidy Is 75,000. C. If the firm invests, its debt capacity increases by $500,000.
The present value of 1 OFF 9. Whispering Pines, Inc. Is all-equity-financed. The expected rate of return on the company’s shares is 12 percent. A. What is the opportunity cost of capital for an average-risk Whispering Pines investment? B. Suppose the company issues debt, repurchases shares, and moves to a 30 percent debt-to-value ratio (DIN= 30 ). What will the company’s weighted-average cost of capital be at the new capital structure? The borrowing rate is 7. 5 percent and the tax rate is 35 percent. 10.
Consider the APP of the solar heater project, as calculated in Table 19. 1 . How old the APP change if the net tax shield per dollar of interest were not Etc = . 35, but 11 . Consider a project lasting one year only. The initial outlay is $1,000 and the expected inflow is $1,200. The opportunity cost of capital is r=20. The borrowing rate is rd =. 10 , and the net tax shield per dollar of interest is T* _ Etc _ . 35 . A. What is the project’s base-case NEAR b. What is its APP if the firm borrows 30 percent of the project’s required investment? 12.
The WAC formula seems to imply that debt is “cheaper” than equity-?that is, that firm with more debt could use a lower discount rate. Does this make sense? Explain briefly. 13. What discount rate should be used to value safe, nominal cash flows? Explain briefly. 14. The U. S. Government has settled a dispute with your company for $16 million. It is committed to pay this amount in exactly 12 months. However, your company will have to pay tax on the award at a marginal tax rate of 35 percent.
