Galileo Campaign: Development of Kiwi, Australian and Turkish Nationalism BY gettable HIGHEST Essay Question: 3. Why did the terrible loss at Gallop become such a key moment In the development of New Zealand, Australian and Turkish nationalism but assume an even more significant role In the case of Australia and Turkey? Although the Galileo Campaign of 191 5 did not go down in the history books as one of the most significant battles of the twentieth century, it became extremely important for the development of nationalism in Australia, New Zealand and Turkey.
This essay will investigate why Galileo became such a significant moment in the development of Australian, New Zealand and Turkish nationalism. Secondly this essay will discuss why the battle became even more significant in Turkish and Australian history than it did in New Zealand history. Before the Galileo campaign of 1915 New Zealand was simply Just another dominion of the British Empire. As a nation the New Slanderer were yet to really emerge or prove themselves on the International stage.
However, the historian Marilyn Lake argues that New Sealant’s participation In the Galileo campaign puts the country on the map. Lake contends that once New Slanderer or Indeed any other nation’s soldiers land on the shores of Gallop In 1915 a nation emerges on the world stage from a terrible loss of life. Although New Zealand troops had fought overseas before they had only played a minor role usually in support of the British however, at Galileo New Zealand troops play a crucial role. Unfortunately for the New Zealand soldiers involved in the battle; many of them were to pay a heavy price and indeed for such a small country New Slanderer did lose a disproportionate amount of soldiers. However historians like Lake argue that this sacrifice by the oldie’s was not in vain, “At war, their sons might make the ‘supreme sacrifice,’ but their collective death would bring forth immortal life, the birth of a nation. ” New Zealand emerges out of world war one and especially Galileo as a new born nation, a nation which suffered, yet out of this crucible of suffering they cast a national Identity.
Over the years New Zealand develops Into a strong young nation born out of suffering caused by their British parents. Likewise across the ditch in Australia the Galileo campaign was to carve out a national identity. Australia was also a dominion urine the First World War however; it still had very strong ties with its British parents as did New Zealand. As the historian K. S. English argues Australia as with New Zealand had been a minnow on the world stage up until Galileo and that their young modern history was somewhat dull and uneventful.
Unlike New Zealand where there had been the Maori Land Wars which was arguably a significant conflict, Australia had only had minor skirmishes in the Frontier Wars which were hardly recognized In an international context. The historians Mark McKenna and Stuart Ward pose an Important question here to those who study history, “Why a young action at the far ends of the earth should have turned this one military disaster In 1915-?TLS failed Invasion of Turkey-?into Its key national narrative? Well for a start Galileo and subsequently Anza day celebrations were to become points for what meanings when stories and heroic tales of militarism are told and a unique national sense of pride emerges. The historian Bruce States argues that no more were places like, “Anza Cove, Shrapnel Gully, Quinn’s post were not abstract or empty place names- they resonate with meaning, with the saga of the landing. ‘ These are places where Australian nationalism and pride was born.
Where every year young Australians still travel to from a distant land on the other side of the world to reminisce on now hallowed turf, that back in 1915 were hills of death and destruction. Lake argues that like New Zealand, Australian nationalism emerges in what he identifies as a ‘baptism of blood’ on the fields of Galileo. Australia and its new sense of nationality come of age in Galileo. After the battle Australians finally emerge out of the shadow of their British parents from where they now stand tall on the world stage. However, Galileo plays a much more significant role in Australia Han it does in New Zealand.
This significance can be attributed to the sense of national culture and identity that grows out of the Galileo campaign. Although some contest when the actual term the ‘Digger’ was first coined, there can be no doubt that after Galileo the Australian fighting soldiers that took part in the campaign were through and through ‘Diggers. ‘ As the historian T. H. E Traverse states, the stories of the ‘Digger’ embodied all that Australians and especially outback Australians loved about their country as they were deemed brave and tenacious but most importantly they wowed ‘imitates’ to their fellow ‘mates. The idea behind ‘imitates’ was shown when Australian soldiers lived, fought and died for each other side by side on the fields of Galileo, a national identity would soon follow on from this tradition. As the historian English contests Australian soldiers at Galileo realized that their national identity and attitudes were distinctly different from that of their British parents, whether it was the lack of professionalism or other social and indeed physical attributes.
Therefore in the coming weeks, months and years the soldiers and war respondents were to pass this new sense of identity on to the Australian public which then developed into a fully blown national identity. A new common sense of national identity combined with a new and distinct culture is therefore why Galileo takes on so much more of a significant role in Australia than it does in New Zealand. Although the New Slanderer and Australians experience at Galileo forges a new sense of national identity, in Turkey what they term the Battle of Kankakee is a key moment for Turkish nationalism because it actually forms a new nation.
Historians such as Peter Weir agree that the single most important factor for the Turkish people that emerges from the Battle of Kankakee was a little known commander called Mustard Kamala, who would go on to be known as Mustard Kamala That;ark (The Father of the modern Turkish nation). Certainly during and even before the First World War the old Ottoman Empire had been in decline from its former glory and Mustard Kamala That;ark would go on to be the catalyst of the revolution that overthrew that empire.
However, the Battle of Kankakee is not only significant in Turkish nationalism cause it pushes Mustard Kamala That;ark to the forefront of Turkish leadership. The battle also reinvigorates the army and indeed the whole nation. As the historian Downward A. Rousts argues, the victory at the Battle of Kankakee enables the army to forget the disheartening and devastating military losses against some of the Baltic among the officers of the Turkish army who fought at the Battle of Kankakee is an identity which would be confident, courageous and most importantly determined.
This becomes significant because most of these officers would go on to become important fugues in the revolution that was to topple the Sultan that ruled the Ottoman Empire. This has profound consequences on the modern history of Turkey because the Battle of Kankakee becomes a defining moment in the development of Turkish nationalism. Officers that took part in the Battle of Kankakee go on to orchestrate the revolution and were seen as heroes by the Turkish public. The battle was to become a point of national pride Just as it had in New Zealand and Australia.
Finally the Battle of Kankakee plays such a significant role in modern Turkish history cause not only does it create a common sense of identity but also because That;ark emerges from the campaign with the support of the army and the nation and is able to go and found modern Turkey. Although military historians view the Galileo campaign as a complete failure for the Allies which did not have any major significant impact on the First World War unlike the battles on the Western Front. The campaign does have a significant impact for the development of New Zealand, Australian and Turkish nationalism.
In New Zealand the Galileo campaign helps develop a new ensue of nationalism, New Slanderer emerge on to the international stage after proving themselves in a bloody and disastrous yet fruitful campaign. In Australia the Galileo campaign also helps in the development of a distinct Australian national point of pride. However, it becomes even more significant in Australia than it does in New Zealand because it actually helps forge a new and unique sense of national identity. Likewise in Turkey, the Battle of Kankakee becomes a point of pride and significance for the development of Turkish nationalism.
