Presented for Frank Romans Abstract Hong Kong Is a country with a perspective on morals, values, and administrative ways which Is a general reflection of the region of Salsa which Is based under Chinese rule. There are successes and failures with the process of change which are important. The effects of Hong Gong’s financial crisis can be a recovery with structural changes, and fluctuated fortunes of political parties with measurable of ups and downs which support of the government.
The practices of different countries compared to Hong Gong’s two systems’ on focusing the conflict between two different systems of laws. Hong Kong has been through an extensive critical period with their financial system, have had a broad variety In their people’s behavior, vast dimensions of major elements Incorporated Into their business ways, and a history of a corporate structure which Is always changing. Hong Kong has transformed since the indisputable changes over time even over relatively short periods, and those characteristics seemed to be within the China it as grown off on which has been self-evident.
A new way of thinking has been introduced into Hong Kong in order to separate them as a leader in business which they have received mainly from China in the last couple of decades. In this paper I will address the key major elements and dimensions of the culture in Hong Kong, address how these elements and dimensions are integrated by the locals conducting business in this region, address how this compares with that of the culture of the United States, and also address the routes a US business would take in order to conduct business in the region of Hong Kong.
There are practices and measures used in the past operating systems with the electoral system on party lists and proportional representation. For example, they appeared to endorse the government’s intervention stock market. Hong Kong is a heavy populated region, which is a major factor on how people, as well as businesses, interact on a day to day basis. Overpopulation has become an issue to question in human rights, rule of law, and the exercise of high degree of autonomy, and the independence of Judiciary.
Hong Gong’s infrastructure is designed to change any local, political, and institutional issues whenever they occur if and by all means necessary. The history of Hong Kong is characterized mainly by the major elements and dimensions it has in this region. Since Hong Gongs introduction into the WTFO, it has been integrated by the surrounding locals conducting business in this nation, which compares mainly to United States’ culture and in business as well. (Ling Alai, 2010). Hong Kong has portrayed the influence of age, gender, social class, and ethnic identity into its culture and to areas around them.
English is a language employed into of that of the government and in the legal system in education. In the realm of international business, Cantonese uses vast majority of Hong Kong in regards to its population, using that language for informal daily-life purposes (Ling Alai, 2010). Hong Kong has experienced disastrous economic downturn in its history. The unemployment rates have increased affecting not Just the working class but the middle class as well, which also caused many changes in Hong Gongs educational policy (Ling Alai, 2010).
There is no evidence or proof that English is the standard language of Hong Kong. This nation has a declined part of its economy in the number f teachers, employers, and foreign investors which is an alarming trend to this society. These consistent patterns can be said to be growing throughout different social class groups and the origin of the problem has been undetermined throughout research finding. The population of Hong Kong is rather homogeneous standing at over 90% Chinese.
This statistic proves that the majority of the social class has a closeness to one another and also that the middle class and English speakers are not literally in Hong Kong, which is also the case of other diverse multiracial societies in the United States (Ling Alai, 2010). Communication in Hong Kong can be broken down from both locally and universally. Despite the length of the colonial British presence in Hong Kong, you can’t really assume that English is universally spoken there.
Of course within the top- level of fluency in English (and maybe some other languages too). In regards to the smaller firms, the foreign language levels are much lower reflect many communication difficulties. This seems to be the trend when you give an order, and a person doesn’t fully understand what is being said. Many times when communicating with locals, check for comprehension by asking loads of “open” ended questions, this eight help get a feel if they fully understand you or if they are still confused into what is being said.
In terms of communication, the Hong Kong Chinese can be more direct than that of other Asians, mostly as a result of centuries of the influence of the Westernizes culture, even more so that those countries like Taiwan and Japan. In the Hong Kong culture it is also important to show an interest in issues outside of business as well. In this culture asking questions about one’s health, family, and friends can tie into good icebreakers.
Speaking about problems in business and or problems on the lattice side of business should be avoided until a strong bond has been developed (Monte, 1994). The public attitudes toward the political leadership in Hong Kong have been a weakness for this nation and has continued to crumble in several crucial ways. There are public trust issues towards the government and the loyalty has been low in supporting the political elites. This low level of trust which the public shows leads to the lack of incentive of the population to form a coalition to strengthen popular appeal.
Public endorsement of social and economic policy has exercised political rower and influenced the population to side with the appeals of political leaders. These forces of appeals with political leaders help in competing with large number political elites (Sis-kaki, 1994). The view of Hong Gongs attitude toward political authorities can be reasonable and tends to argue the popular mistrust of its leaders from unfavorable public evaluation and political competence that the British and Chinese governments portray.
It is also arguable for Hong Kong, that China might have projected their leaders of political powers to stand powerless and distrusted (Sis-kaki, 1994). Leaders who owe their position to Chinese political sponsorship are considerably true when seen in the fact that the leaders closely connect with the Chinese government have failed to win a single election within the Legislative Council elections. The publics attitudes towards their leaders are presently weak in two respects. Hong Kong has a strong but unattainable demand which is difficult for its leaders to satisfy (Sis-kaki, 1994).
China has an ambitious goal to incorporate Hong Kong with “high degree of autonomy’ and “one country, two systems,” an important crucible which such effort ill be tested and measured with the addition of freedom of the press. The Asian Wall Street Journal has been in Hong Kong for 20 years now and the history of Far Eastern Economic Review reaches 75 years back. In Hong Kong, there is a great trading and financial center world-wide, which enterprises a robust of its own publishers small or large (“China Hong Kong dilemma,” 1996).
Hong Gongs value to China has long been looked upon as an outpost in the “First World” economy. They have skills of tasks that excel in progress, but these skills can require a degree of between nations is chiming in now in the mildest form at Hong Gong’s university amuses which leads students to create mint-statues of wall paintings (“China Hong Kong dilemma,” 1996). China’s dilemma is the free flow of information, not only towards Hong Kong but in Beijing and Shanghai as well.
With the first breath of freedom there are opening markets which sends bright, successful students aboard. This spark in education and learning is caused by the growth of freedoms, leading to heavy economic growth over recent years. This also leading to a continuous growth of the economy depending mainly on a continuing growth of freedoms (“China Hong Kong dilemma,”1996). Hong Gong’s government wants to make sure the Mandatory Provident Fund pension will be ready for operation in the second half of 2000, governed by the top official body.
Charles Lee’s remarks intended to assuage the concerns that were delayed further by the current economic slowdown. The authorities can’t announce a date to which Mr.. Lee hires a company that runs a company’s system that runs and monitors a program. The vendors consider a wait of 18 months to deliver computer system (By, 1999). Meanwhile, Hong Kong has guidelines concerning issues by the MAP board; the authority expects to begin recruiting staff within the next month.
The Securities and Future Commission ensure that regulations are “rigorous enough” for sellers in the economy and the employees and employers of Hong Kong contribute 5% towards the worker’s wage of that system but are limited to $1,000 each month from the party (By, 1999). Money markets are proving popular among Japanese investors whom are investing in mutual funding for the first time. Branches in Japan after July are hiring over 2,000 employees from Japanese brokers which first failed in 1997 (By, 1999). The need for cross-cultural training is starting to become essential in Hong Kong.
Many aliened Chinese have been emigrating from Hong Kong to obtain a passport before reversion. Chinese differences have been starker in terms before cross-cultural training and have been increasing to Hong Kong with new links between cultural groups particularly Western multinational corporations. Techniques of demodulating can place a good reliance upon motivating a self-development plan to negotiate around issues of authority and take away from the concern of achievement (Bond, 1992). The success of the adaptation of these strategies can be the belief in this nation, which can be generalized in any cultural mix . Evolving the group’s widest divergence occurs across the dimensions of power distance and individualism. Much of this content is common to other training agendas from other cultural groups. The “process seminar” (a type of briefing companies is starting to use) refers of patterns to interaction development in the class within delivery of the workshop process (Bond, 1992). The Chinese have deep respect for technological powers of Western countries for example, receptive training in Western management sciences.
Therefore, they must never confront any dilemma with respect to interpersonal side of management practices. Cultural groups are typically Chinese and do not express irritation openly or directly which is important to many other cultural groups that have never been colonized spiritually. The “rule of thumb” for majority of Chinese people are that they are always voiced, respected, and use guaranteed approaches relationships between the Asian nations are typically centered on the demographic characteristics and structure of the organizational process and are receiving marginal attention from management levels.
The macro level in business has been a widespread extension of changes in education, technology, globalization and adaptation of market ideology. The micro level of organizational studies remains largely wedded to old management assumptions and perspectives (Cecil & Chatterer, 1997). Understanding the relationships of the organizational social structural, mends these associations to a conductive Job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Variable demographics such as gender, age, and education have employed to demonstrate an effect on turnover.
There has been a report about substantial differences in various work settings across non-homogeneous work environments (Cecil & Chatterer, 1997). It is also predicted that theses observed variables reflects on highly on the social society. Gender, age, and sex are all demographics that usually don’t matter for employed workers when pertaining to the United States, due to laws and regulations implemented by the government to avoid discrimination and biased when it comes to the work place.
In Hong Kong there is a relatively different culture with factors in the work environment that has impact on employee responses. Typical Hong Kong organizations are small sized, privately owned family affiliations with broader circles of relatives. Chinese family businesses are powerful enough to be centralized in the hands of the manager that maintains the place of themselves and not promoting or causing them to lose a manager (Cecil & Chatterer, 1997). 2. How are these elements and dimensions integrated by locals conducting business in the nation?
Brief of Background in Hong Gongs Business Culture Hong Kong has many market challenges, which can be tracked throughout the history of its culture. Because of the local environment changing on a yearly basis, the integration of this nation has given Hong Kong greater market access and growth opportunities. Increasing competition from the mainland has led to a decrease of Hong Gongs manufacturing sector. The mainland rivals are now becoming more competitive and in areas of business where Hong Kong has generally been dominant, they are now starting to lose out to outside competition.
Areas of business where Hong Kong has a history of being prominent for example, logistics, container port operations, trade, and financial services, are now being threaten by neighboring nations and local businesses. Depending on which part of Hong Kong you are dealing with, Hong Kong has overall different business faces which can be kind of difficult to fully understand. On the crust, Hong Gongs people are made up many multi-nationals mixed in deriving from the area’s colonial past. The larger corporations of Sardine Matheson, the Swore Group and the Hong Kong and Shanghai bank mostly dominate this region.
This Hong Kong is the worldliest known and displays a tremendous influence over the business life of this region. On the other hand, balancing out these massive managerial style organizations are the very complex tens of thousands of small businesses that run paternalistic Tyler and have an entrepreneurial spirit of most Chinese traders. In fact there are taking up majority of the population since their population is only around 7 million people(Chic, 2011) These figures alone proves the health, vitality and hunger of the mainly ethnic Chinese business community.
In Hong Kong it is vital to know exactly which type of organization you will be dealing with, because attitudes to such things as management style, decision making, and long-term relationship building are all factors of business that are important and could vary depending on who are what you happen to deal with in business. It is also important to point out the issues surround the loss of face, communications styles and attitude towards family ties that will remain constant regardless of company type or educational background.
Since relationships are a key element in Hong Kong in the business world, it is important to know who is connected with whom in order to not cross enemy lines and to keep your allies together as well. Currently in Hong Kong The main issue in business right now for Hong Kong is the integration of foreign firms bypassing this nation, which has been a trend for most firms in the last couple of years. Many foreign and neighboring nations firms are doing this by coming directly to the mainland.
This trend was accelerated by China’s admission to the WTFO(World Trade Organization) in 2001 . Companies which go directly to China without paying their “due diligence” often have to face higher business costs and longer delays than if they had Just first engaged a Hong Kong based intermediary. All of Hong Gong’s cultural ethics are a huge part of why this nation is viewed by on looking nations as an excellent city of business and should pride itself on presenting to the world a leading standard in business practices.
Unlike most business practice seed by many nations around the world, Hong Gong’s locals commonly do not used a lax manner in business which usually arises from poor regulation and poor business ethics that allow business companies to seize onto means in order to maximize their profits generally at the expense of their customers. Due to the recent financial tsunami, that has plagued this nation; the local financial system has been exposed and shown a regulatory weakness among local businesses in Hong Kong. Chain, 2010). There has been a recent controversy around Octopus (the local electronic money monopoly) which indicates that the local regulatory system must be threatened in order to protect the interests of the local users of financial services and businesses in this region. This disruption of these financial services being used also indicates that there are a large number of local corporate Coos that she be reoriented in business ethics and the respect for the personal privacy of their employees.
In one article I found about this matter called ” The Octopus affair: A case of shady business ethics”, it was found that many companies in Hong Gong’s Coo’s were selling their clients personal data to outside vendors for the personal and financial gain of the companies. This practice of course was left unknown to these clients and has been going on in the nation of Hong Kong over the course of the last couple of decades. For this unpartisan company, Octopus, the CEO, Prudence Chain stated that the company had sold the personal information of 1. 7 million clients over the period of about 4 years, earning a profit of $44 million for the company, which is tremendous. With this deceptive business, practice legislatures in this responsibility from one of the more prominent businesses in the region. Although this type of behavior is rare for businesses in Hong Kong, business educators at local universities teaching aspiring corporate executives should user her case as an example of poor business ethics and of what the local corporate community should avoid in Hong Kong if they are going to continue to be a world city of business.
Despite many problems this nation faces internally, Hong Kong offers easy access both commercially and geographically to the Mainland of China, which presents many business opportunities. The Pearl River Delta, or PR, is the region directly to the north of Hong Kong and business people commute regularly and easily between the two. The PR is China’s largest and most productive manufacturing region, which s the home for tens of thousands of factories owned or managed by Hong Kong and overseas companies.
As a result of their success the major cities of this region, Sheehan, Guanos, and Dingdong, are now in the midst of the wealthiest manufacturing cities in all of China and have become healthy consistent markets for consumer goods and business services in their own skin. Ensuring a pattern off “smooth flow’ of people and freight between Hong Kong and the Mainland of China is the most essential piece to the success of this business network, which is continuing to grow larger and larger everyday with the addition of newer cities becoming involved.
This passageway, and others like this, give people in this region the opportunity to trade and conduct business in an orderly and timely fashion. Because this region of the world is heavily populated and surrounded immensely by large amounts of water, the norm for travel generally takes to these waterways in the means of boating and using certain river canals and waterways to get from place to place. The locals in this region have accepted this as a means of travel and transportation and have molded their business practices to reflect this means of import and export shipping of their goods and services.
Hong Kong has a stable and efficient business environment with the modern substructure and telecommunications that one could expect coming from a region with the world’s ninth largest economy. Their economy could be described as the most accommodating economy in the world, where the government’s policy is mainly looked upon as being non-interfering and lenient. The government’s stance and laws requirements on businesses are minimal, only for the exception for public limited companies.
Local business professionals, lawyers, accountants, and bankers who serve the multinational firms have thrived in Hong Gongs community of local firms hat have become increasingly universal since the opening of the Mainland to foreign trade and investment during the sass. This inherent local awareness for the needs of international business makes Hong Kong an easy place to locate Joint-venture partners and integrate with other professionals in business.
In an area where local staff can easily be recruited from local companies, locals realize the importance of being able to grow their market and to expand their businesses in order to operate internationally and expand their “reach” into other regions of the world. In one of the cost densely populated regions in the world, Hong Gongs housing and office stock is limited and consequently remains expensive to live and conduct business by the international standards in comparison. After a huge drop in property values and costs table where Hong Kong entered the top three most expensive office locations in the world (Loath, 2013).
The global property advisor forecasts that Asia Pacific will experience the strongest growth in the occupancy costs over the next four years as the region’s economic growth is expected to continue to surpass that in Europe and the United States (Loath, 2013). With this figure, Hong Kong is predicted to develop as the most expensive location in the Asia-Pacific Region, as supply constraints drive up increases in rent and living expenses. How do both of the above items compare with US culture and business? Brief in Background of U. S. N Business Due to the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008, the US is trying to dig itself out of an economic catastrophe, which is now a defining moment is history. Due to the growing pressure from China and India, the country is still trying to figure out ways in which it can maintain it’s pre-reputation in a political aspect. Today, US business approaches and business ideas are being scrutinized more than ever before by outside business internationally, and those countries are asking themselves if the US is ready for the challenge of competing in a now view upon “Asian century’.
For more than a century the US has led in the banking and finance markets, making it a powerhouse around the world. In the high tech and computing industries, the US has also thrived to become a major innovative leader and has introduced many business techniques when forming this new high tech type society we live in today. Progressiveness in the pharmaceutical industry has also led this country to many advances in modern, westernizes, medicines which are now used around the world.
Newly introduced US business methodologies leading to growth and innovation are now being implemented which have never been seen before in the history of the entire world, and a true understanding how this system works in the US is essential for anyone who want to work and conduct business internationally. The US has adopted a so called “scientific” approach when it comes to business and it has worked better than any other industrialized county ever. Every feature of commercial life is studied and thoroughly analyzed which is highly respected by other outside countries.
In the US everything is quantified and assessed, where all parts of the business process, even that of Human Resources and the training of new employees, are analyzed in detail in a manner in which the top level decision makers have created and studied then given approval. This Scientific approach involves the constant search for more effective methods and policies which has led a competitive business environment that’s constantly changing and improving.
Since this type of behavior in business occurs, the most common response to a never ending changing environment is the realignment of the organization which generally results in high turnover when it comes to dealing with employees within the organization. This sense of change should not be mistaken as a lack of loyalty to the employer; because most individuals who work for a company put their everything into the Job they are working and are totally committed to their position. To start off, U. S. As a policy toward Hong Kong which is maintained to help promote Hong Gongs autonomy and way of life is stated in the U. S. Hong Kong Policy Act of 992. This policy stipulated that the U. S. Would continue treating Hong Kong separately that that of the People’s Republic of China even after the end of rule by the British happened. Even today, the United States maintains a high level of economic and political interests in Hong Kong, and we support Hong Gongs autonomy by ending and executing bilateral agreements between the two nations, thus promoting trade and investments between the two nations.
Since we have such an extensive history with Hong Kong, we have a relationship which reflects are trust with this nations when it comes to trading and conducting business within this entry and the feeling is mutual. Another way we help promote their autonomy is by promoting trade and investment with Hong Kong and the neighboring nations that surround them. The U. S. Also has a history of conducting plentiful trade with Hong Kong both importing and exporting. Even though we have some differences in our business cultures we have still found ways to come together in order to make money for each other, especially over the last couple of decades.
Unlike the US culture where courtesy and likeability doesn’t really matter as long as you’re commitments are met, Hong Kong is a nation where as one must earn another’s respect before people in that nation feel completely comfortable before they conduct business with you. There are certain hurdles and obstacles in business person might have to go through in order to prove their worth to a business in this nation, which could potentially cause ‘bad blood” or leave someone feeling unappreciated in certain aspects. This type of conduct is widespread throughout the Asian regions and is highly respected and accepted by those of other nations.
Hong Kong also gives back this type of respect to their counter parts in business as well. As marred to the United States, Hong Kong is an active member of the global coalition against terrorism, and they also help in the war on terrorism. Generally speaking, Hong Kong takes a very neutral stance on war and in most conflicts with other nations. They have Joined the Container Security initiative and remain a partner to eradicating funding for terrorist networks and fighting money laundering. The United States also has substantial economic and social ties with the likes of Hong Kong with about 1,100 U. S. Rims including 881 regional operations holding about 54,000 American residents in Hong Kong (Upon, 2008). According to U. S. Government statistics, U. S. Exports to Hong Kong totaled $17. 8 billion in 2006(Harper, 2009). Direct investment in Hong Kong at the end of 2006 ended up being about 38. 1 billion, making the United States on of Hong Gongs largest investors along with China, Japan, and the Netherlands. These types of statistics really show how much business these two nations have done with one another and how much they depend on the exchange of imports and exports for their nations to succeed.
In 2002, the United States and Hong Kong signed a civil aviation agreement which liberalized the aviation market as a whole. While Hong Kong enjoys its freedoms as a separate customs territory, they also have the privilege not to have any changes to its protection has improved substantially in recent years and with the introduction of a more new and improved effective legislation to control illicit production and improved enforcement, Hong Kong is now a regional model for the intellectual property rights (PR) protection.
In the office of the United States Trade Representative they now use Hong Kong a positive example for other countries of interest to look at. But in the United States alone, we have face many current economic difficulties, forever, the US still remains the largest global economy and many of the citizens here enjoy a standard of living that could be sought out to be unimaginable to larger sections of the world’s population. The United States is still an economic phenomenon and shouldn’t be ignored as a one of the greatest market leaders in business excellence and innovation.
To the rest of the world, the US is looked upon to be spoiled brats as to how we conduct ourselves and how we tend to flaunt how much we have and the amount of resources we waste day in and day out. It can be noticed that the rest of the world needs to better understand how we operate in the equines world and the culture is not Just straightforward as many Americans would like to believe, it can get very complicated to some respects.
If a business is to operate successfully in any market, it is almost vital to get an understanding of how business works in the US and how American interact in the work-place, a trend other countries have to study up on before even thinking about conducting business in this nation. Americans in the work place are very time- pressured and expect other businesses they work with to be available almost 2417, 365 days a year. I believe this is a trend with most American businesses, because if or any reason at any moment something goes wrong, the American attitude in business is to fix it right away, no matter when it occurs.
Hypotheses analysis Power distance In the US a sense of” liberty and Justice for all” attitude is displayed throughout the general society. This is shown by the focus on equal rights throughout the American society and in government. Within many US organizations, a pecking order is established for the convenience of all workers where superiors are always accessible and managers rely on individual employees and certain teams for expertise. In this yep of corporate ladder, communication is informal and direct and is shared to whom is concerned.
On the contrary, in Hong Kong people believe that inequalities amongst people are acceptable. The subordinate to superior relationship tends to be the trend and there is no type of shield against power abuse by superiors, so anything goes. Individuals in this society are highly influenced by formal authority and there is a general optimism about the publics initiative to become successful. Individualistic-collectivism -Today the US has an individualistic culture in which translates into an easy going
